Aerosol Antiperspirant Compositions, Products and Methods

ABSTRACT

An aerosol antiperspirant composition is provided. The aerosol antiperspirant composition includes a propellant and an antiperspirant composition. The antiperspirant composition includes one or more liquid materials, wherein the one or more liquid materials comprise one or more non-volatile silicone fluids having a concentration from 40% to about 70% by weight of the antiperspirant composition; antiperspirant active particulates having a concentration from about 16% to about 32% by weight of the antiperspirant composition; one or more non-antiperspirant active particulates that are substantially inert, wherein the one or more non-antiperspirant active particulates that are substantially inert have a concentration from 10% to 30% by weight of the antiperspirant composition; and wherein the antiperspirant composition has a total particulate concentration from 30% to about 60% by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

TECHNICAL FIELD

One aspect of the invention relates generally to aerosol antiperspirantcompositions. Another aspect of the invention relates generally toaerosol antiperspirant products containing an antiperspirant compositionand a propellant. Yet another aspect of the invention relates generallyto methods of using aerosol antiperspirant products.

BACKGROUND

Body odor may be generated in the area under the arms due to a highconcentration of sweat glands. While perspiration is odorless, itcontains natural oils that can be nutrient source for bacteria living onthe skin. These bacteria interact with the natural oils, converting theminto odor producing compounds. Antiperspirant compositions contain anactive, such as an aluminum salt, that reacts with the electrolytes inperspiration to form a plug in the ducts of sweat glands. The plugsprevent perspiration from exiting the duct, thereby depriving thebacteria of water and a food source. Antiperspirant compositions may beapplied to the skin in either a contact type product form, e.g., a stickor roll-on, or non-contact type product form, such as an aerosol spray.Aerosol spray devices that dispense an antiperspirant composition areknown in the art. Various examples are described in U.S. Pat. No.4,152,416; U.S. Pat. No. 4,806,338; U.S. Pat. No. 4,840,786; U.S. Pat.No. 4,904,463; U.S. Pat. No. 4,935,224; U.S. Pat. No. 5,298,236; U.S.Pat. No. 5,605,682; U.S. Pat. No. 5,814,309; U.S. Pat. No. 7,815,899; EP674,899; WO 96/04884; WO 2004/014330; and WO 2007/001842.

Many aerosol antiperspirant users often desire a product that minimizesthe appearance of residue on the skin, has a dry rather than wet feel,has rapid perceived drying, is not sticky, provides a cool/fresh feelingat time of application, provides long lasting wetness and/or odorprotection, is provided in a form factor that is easily portable inpurses or small bags (as some users may apply the antiperspirantcomposition more than once a day) and minimizes the gassy cloud thatforms during dispensing. While the relative importance/desirability ofthese characteristics may vary by geographical region and gender and notall users desire all or the same set of characteristics, there appearsto be a generally universal desire among aerosol antiperspirant usersfor one or more of a dry rather than wet feel, minimizing the appearanceof residue and providing long lasting wetness/odor protection orefficacy.

While some currently marketed aerosol spray devices may provide at leastsome of these characteristics to varying degrees, there are oftentradeoffs involved. For example, some currently available aerosolantiperspirant spray devices have relatively high propellantconcentrations (e.g., greater than 75% and often greater than 80%). Ahigh propellant concentration dilutes the antiperspirant composition,which in turn may help reduce the risk of clogging. However, a highpropellant concentration may also produce a large volume of gas uponexiting the spray device resulting in a gassy cloud and/or a turbulentspray. Deposition efficiency (e.g., the amount of antiperspirant activeand/or fragrance deposited on skin compared to the amount dispensed) mayin turn be reduced due to the large amount of antiperspirant activeand/or fragrance lost to the environment via the gassy cloud rather thandeposited on the skin. In addition, these spray devices are typicallylarge (greater than 150 ml) in order to accommodate the high propellantconcentration and large amount of antiperspirant composition, resultingin spray devices that may be more difficult to carry in small purses andthe like. A high propellant concentration may also result insolubilization of liquid fragrance materials into the propellant duringstorage, resulting in more of the liquid fragrance material being lostto the environment with the propellant rather than deposited on theskin. Many currently available aerosol antiperspirant compositions alsoincorporate a volatile liquid (e.g., cyclopentasiloxane) as a carrierfor the antiperspirant active. The volatile liquid evaporates followingapplication to the skin, resulting in a dry skin feel, but sometimesleaves behind a visible residue (the antiperspirant active) that issubject to flaking and/or transfer to clothing. Flaking (or transfer) ofthe antiperspirant active may also reduce antiperspirant efficacy.Therefore, there is continuing desire to provide improved aerosolantiperspirant compositions and products.

SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE

According to one aspect, an aerosol antiperspirant composition isprovided. The aerosol antiperspirant composition includes a propellantand an antiperspirant composition. The antiperspirant compositionincludes one or more liquid materials, wherein the one or more liquidmaterials comprise one or more non-volatile silicone fluids having aconcentration from 40% to about 70% by weight of the antiperspirantcomposition; antiperspirant active particulates having a concentrationfrom about 16% to about 32% by weight of the antiperspirant composition;one or more non-antiperspirant active particulates that aresubstantially inert, wherein the one or more non-antiperspirant activeparticulates that are substantially inert have a concentration from 10%to 30% by weight of the antiperspirant composition; and wherein theantiperspirant composition has a total particulate concentration from30% to about 60% by weight of the antiperspirant composition.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

While the specification concludes with claims, it is believed that thesame will be better understood from the following description taken inconjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein like numbersillustrate like elements throughout the views and in which:

FIG. 1 is a partial cross-sectional view of one embodiment of anantiperspirant product made according to the teachings herein;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a valve assemblysuitable for use with the antiperspirant product of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the stem shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the stem of FIG. 3, taken along line3-3 thereof;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of the housing shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the housing of FIG. 5, taken alongline 5-5 thereof;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the gasket shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the cup-shaped insert shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the cup-shaped insert shown in FIG.8, taken along line 8-8 thereof;

FIG. 10 is a bottom view of the cup-shaped insert shown in FIG. 8; and

FIG. 11 is a bottom view of an alternate embodiment of the cup-shapedinsert shown in FIG. 8.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

An antiperspirant composition and/or antiperspirant product maycomprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, various combinations ofthe materials, features, structures, and/or characteristics describedherein. All measurements made are at standard ambient conditions (e.g.,25° C. and absolute pressure of 101 kPA), unless otherwise specified.

Reference within the specification to “embodiment(s)” or the like meansthat a particular material, feature, structure and/or characteristicdescribed in connection with the embodiment is included in at least oneembodiment, but it does not mean that all embodiments incorporate thematerial, feature, structure, and/or characteristic described.Furthermore, materials, features, structures and/or characteristics maybe combined in any suitable manner across different embodiments andmaterials, features, structures and/or characteristics may be omitted orsubstituted from what is described.

The term “anhydrous” as used herein in connection with an antiperspirantcomposition refers to an antiperspirant composition that issubstantially or completely free of added water, meaning water added asa separate ingredient to the antiperspirant composition. An anhydrousantiperspirant composition may contain up to 10%, 8%, 6%, 4%, 2%, 15, or0.5% water by weight of the antiperspirant composition that is boundwith an ingredient (e.g., antiperspirant active, tapioca starch, etc.)added to the antiperspirant composition.

The term “aerosol antiperspirant product” refers to the combination ofan aerosol antiperspirant product container, an antiperspirantcomposition, and a liquid propellant stored in the aerosolantiperspirant product container.

The term “aerosol antiperspirant product container” and derivativesthereof refers to the complete aerosol package intended to store anddispense an antiperspirant composition and liquid propellant. An aerosolantiperspirant product container may typically comprise at least onereservoir for storing an antiperspirant composition and liquidpropellant, a valve for controlling flow of the antiperspirantcomposition and liquid propellant mixture, and an actuator by which auser can actuate the valve.

The term “antiperspirant composition” refers to the combination of oneor more liquid materials, antiperspirant actives and other materialsthat are flowable and intended to be sprayed onto skin, exclusive of thepropellant. The antiperspirant composition may be provided in the formof a liquid dispersion (including suspensions and colloids). Anantiperspirant composition also includes a combination of the one ormore liquid materials, antiperspirant actives and other materials,wherein one or more particulates (e.g., particulates of anantiperspirant active) or other materials have undergone settling fromone or more of the liquid materials.

The term “bulking or suspending material” refers to a material which isintended to reduce settling of an antiperspirant active (and/or otherparticulates) from a liquid material and/or reduce the severity ofparticulate caking post settling. Some non-limiting examples of commonbulking or suspending agents include, but are not limited to, colloidalsilicas and clays.

The term “clogging” refers to either a blocked passage, orifice, hole orother opening resulting in little or no mass flow out of a productcontainer when the actuator is activated or a valve stuck at leastpartially open from accumulated antiperspirant composition, resulting insemi continuous or continuous leakage of the antiperspirant compositionand/or propellant from a product container.

The term “controlling orifice” refers to the orifice(s), hole(s) orother opening(s) which principally control or meter the mass flow of theantiperspirant composition/liquid propellant mixture thru the productcontainer. In some instances, the controlling orifice may comprise aplurality of orifices, holes or openings which are arranged in agenerally parallel fashion with respect to the mass flow of the mixtureand which in combination principally control or meter the mass flow thruthe product container. The controlling orifice is typically the smallestopening(s) thru which the mixture of liquid propellant andantiperspirant composition flows. The controlling orifice may sometimesbe the valve opening.

The term “deposition efficiency” refers to the percentage of a material(e.g., antiperspirant active, fragrance material, antiperspirantcomposition, etc.) that is deposited on a target surface compared to theamount of the material that exits an aerosol antiperspirant product.

The term “excipient particulate” and “excipient particulate material”and “particulates of an excipient material” refer to a particulatematerial that is substantially inert with respect to itself and/or anantiperspirant active, meaning there are no significant particle toparticle interactions with respect to itself and/or the antiperspirantactive when present in an antiperspirant composition. Excipientparticulates exclude clays and silicas added to an antiperspirantcomposition as bulking or suspending materials, as these particles canexhibit strong particle to particle interactions.

The term “gum” is used to refer to a material that has a viscositywithin the range from about 100,000 to about 100 million centistokes at25° C. and which slowly flowable, as opposed to a rigid solid, which isnot flowable, or a liquid, which is too flowable.

The term “life cycle” refers to the total amount of dispensing timeprovided by an aerosol antiperspirant product.

The term “particulate”, as used herein, refers to a material that issolid or hollow and which is substantially or completely insoluble inthe liquid materials of an antiperspirant composition.

The term “product efficacy” refers to amount of wetness protectionprovided by application of an aerosol antiperspirant composition from anaerosol antiperspirant product to an axillia.

The terms “propellant” and “liquid propellant” refer to the liquidpropellant added to an aerosol antiperspirant container or that isstored within an aerosol antiperspirant container, exclusive of liquidmaterials that are miscible with the liquid propellant and exclusive ofthe gaseous propellant in the head space of a container (which tends tobe negligible).

The term “substantially free” refers to an amount of a material that isless than 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%, 0.1%, 0.05%, 0.01%, or 0.001% by weight of anantiperspirant composition.

The term “total fill” refers to the total amount of materials added toor stored within a reservoir(s) of an aerosol antiperspirant productcontainer. Total fill includes the total amount of liquid propellant andantiperspirant composition stored within the aerosol antiperspirantproduct after completion of filling and prior to the first use of theproduct.

Various combinations of liquid propellants, antiperspirant compositions,aerosol antiperspirant product containers, and aerosol antiperspirantproducts, and their methods of making and use, will now be described.

I. Liquid Propellants

An aerosol antiperspirant product comprises a liquid propellant storedin at least one reservoir of the product container. The liquidpropellant may be stored in the same reservoir as an antiperspirantcomposition or a separate reservoir. The propellant may be provided as apressurized, liquefied gas which is miscible in a non-volatile siliconefluid of the antiperspirant composition. The propellant is utilized todrive the antiperspirant composition out of the product container duringuse and to assist with atomizing the antiperspirant composition as itexits the product container via the vaporization and expansion of theliquid propellant.

The liquid propellant concentration of the aerosol antiperspirantproduct may impact the mass flow rate of the antiperspirant compositionthere from. The mass flow rate of the antiperspirant composition refersto that portion of the total mass flow rate of the liquidpropellant/antiperspirant composition mixture that is attributable tothe antiperspirant composition. The antiperspirant composition mass flowrate generally increases as propellant concentration decreases (assumingall other variables, such as pressure within the container, remainunchanged), because the ratio of antiperspirant composition to liquidpropellant in the total mass flow of the mixture increases withdecreasing propellant concentration. This effect is most pronounced forhydrocarbon propellants (e.g., butane, isobutene, propane, etc.), whichmay have a density below that of the antiperspirant compositionresulting in a larger volume fraction of the total mass flow. Anincrease in antiperspirant composition mass flow may lead to an increasein the amount of antiperspirant composition deposited on skin per use.Decreasing liquid propellant concentration may also reduce the amount ofantiperspirant composition lost to the environment in the form of agassy cloud, thereby further increasing the amount deposited on skin peruse. Increasing the amount of antiperspirant composition deposited onskin may increase product efficacy/wetness protection, as moreantiperspirant active is delivered to the skin.

A reduction in the amount of free fragrance material solubilizing intothe liquid propellant is another benefit that may result from decreasingpropellant concentration. As liquid propellant concentration decreases,the amount of free fragrance material that may solubilize into theliquid propellant during storage decreases due to the lower amount ofliquid propellant in the product container. Decreasing the amount offree fragrance material solubilizing into the liquid propellant meansless fragrance material may be lost to the environment as the liquidpropellant turns to gas, and therefore more free fragrance material maybe deposited on the skin as part of the antiperspirant composition.

While reducing liquid propellant concentration may enable increasing theamount antiperspirant composition and/or free fragrance materialdeposited on skin per use, there are a number of confounding tradeoffsthat may come into play. For example, increasing the antiperspirantcomposition mass flow rate too much may negatively impact skin feel(e.g., lead to a wet or sticky feel from the presence of too muchantiperspirant active on skin), increase the risk of clogging within thesmall controlling orifices of the product container, increase thelikelihood of a visible residue, and/or diminish the cool/fresh feelingat time of application due to less liquid propellant depositing on theskin and subsequently vaporizing there from. Thus, there are a number ofchallenges to address when reducing propellant concentration in anaerosol antiperspirant product.

It is believed that liquid propellant concentrations less than 30% byweight of the total fill of the product container may result in too highof a mass flow rate of the antiperspirant composition. While reducingthe controlling orifice size/area may help offset some of theantiperspirant composition mass flow rate increase from reducingpropellant concentration, propellant concentrations less than 30% mayrequire orifice sizes that are so small that they may become susceptibleto clogging (the risk of which also increases as propellant decreasesand as particulate concentration increases) and/or which may be morechallenging to manufacture in a cost effective manner for commercialproducts. It is also believed that liquid propellant concentrationsgreater than 65% by weight of the total fill of the product containermay result in high solubilization of free fragrance materials in theliquid propellant and/or otherwise lead to a significant reduction inthe deposition efficiency of a free fragrance material.

The liquid propellant may have a concentration from about 30%, 32%, 34%36%, 38%, 40%, or 42% to about 65%, 60%, 54%, 52%, 50%, 48%, 46%, 44%,or 42% by weight of the total fill of materials (i.e., propellant andantiperspirant composition) stored within the aerosol antiperspirantcontainer. The amount of liquid propellant (in grams) stored within anaerosol antiperspirant container may be from about 4 g, 6 g, 8 g, 10 gto about 50 g, 25 g, 20 g, or 15 g. The volume of liquid propellantstored within the aerosol antiperspirant container may be from about 10ml, 20 ml, 30 ml, or 40 ml to about 100 ml, 80 ml, 70 ml, 60 ml, or 50ml.

A wide variety of liquid propellants may be used with the products andantiperspirant compositions described herein. The liquid propellantsuseful in the present invention typically have a boiling point (atatmospheric pressure) within the range of from about −45° C. to about 5°C. The propellants are preferably liquefied when packaged in thecontainer under pressure. The rapid expansion of the propellant uponleaving the product container aids in the atomization of theantiperspirant composition. Suitable propellants may includechemically-inert hydrocarbons such as propane, n-butane, isobutane andcyclopropane, and mixtures thereof, as well as halogenated hydrocarbonssuch as dichlorodifluoromethane (propellant 12)1,1-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (propellant 114),1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-2,2-trifluoroethane (propellant 115),1-chloro-1,1-difluoroethylene (propellant 142B), 1,1-difluoroethane(propellant 152A), dimethyl ether and monochlorodifluoromethane, andmixtures thereof. Some propellants suitable for use include, but are notlimited to, A-46 (a mixture of isobutane, butane and propane), A-31(isobutane), A-17 (n-butane), A-108 (propane), AP70 (a mixture ofpropane, isobutane and n-butane), AP40 (a mixture of propane, isobuteneand n-butane), AP30 (a mixture of propane, isobutane and n-butane), and152A (1,1 difluoroethane). Some aerosol antiperspirant products mayincorporate an A-31 or A-46 propellant.

Utilizing a propellant having boiling point less than 5° C. as theprimary propellant can be beneficial, because these propellants quicklyexpand to form a gas after leaving the product container therebycreating a fine spray and higher forces (compared to higher boilingpoint propellants) to deliver the antiperspirant composition to thetarget skin surface. However, an aerosol antiperspirant productutilizing a low propellant concentration can also suffer from adiminished cool/fresh sensation at the time of application because lessliquid propellant is reaching the skin and subsequently vaporizingthereat. Thus, it may be desirable to provide an aerosol antiperspirantproduct comprising a mixture of propellants having different boilingpoints. Combining a primary propellant(s) having a boiling point lessthan 5 C with a secondary propellant(s) having a boiling point above 5°C. may increase the likelihood of more liquid propellant reaching theskin. This in turn may enhance the cool/fresh sensation at time ofapplication due to the vaporization of the additional liquid propellant(e.g., the secondary propellant) from the skin. The secondary propellantmay have a concentration from about 1% to about 20%, or from about 1% toabout 15%, or from about 2% to about 10% by weight of the total fill ofmaterials in the product. The secondary propellant(s) may have a boilingpoint from about 5° C., 10° C., 15° C., 20° C., or 25° C. to about 40°C., 35° C., or 30° C. In some embodiments, the secondary propellant(s)may have a boiling point greater than room temperature, or from 25° C.to 40° C., which can further increase the likelihood that the secondarypropellant(s) reaches the skin and vaporizes thereat. Two non-limitingexemplary propellants suitable for use as secondary propellants includepentane and isopentane, although other propellants having boiling pointswithin the ranges described herein may also be used.

The propellant may provide a pressure within a product container fromabout 60 kPa to about 500 kPA, or 200 kPa to about 400 kPa, or 200 kPato about 350 kPa at 25° C. The propellant may provide a pressure withina product container from about 100 kPa to about 1100 kPA, or 200 kPa toabout 1,100 kPa, or 400 kPa to about 900 kPa at 55° C.

II. Aerosol Antiperspirant Compositions

The antiperspirant compositions described herein comprise one or morenon-volatile silicone fluids and one or more particulate antiperspirantactives. An antiperspirant composition may further comprise one or morenon-antiperspirant active particulate materials, preferably one or moreexcipient particulate materials and more preferably one or morehydrophilic excipient particulate materials. An antiperspirantcomposition may optionally comprise one or more silicone gum materials,one or more suspending or bulking agents, one or more fragrancematerials, and mixtures thereof. Other ingredients may also beoptionally included, as known in the art. An antiperspirant compositionis preferably anhydrous, as too much added water may result in severaldeleterious effects such as: 1) increasing the propensity forantiperspirant active particulates to agglomerate (thereby increasingthe propensity for clogging), and 2) reducing dry feel on skin.

Since an aerosol antiperspirant composition should be flowable so thatit may be sprayed from a product container and provide the desired skinfeel characteristics, an aerosol antiperspirant composition may bedevoid of agents in sufficient concentrations that a stick-type rheologyis provided. Some common agents which may be excluded in meaningfulamounts include hydrogenated castor oil, solid paraffins, siliconewaxes, and mixtures thereof.

A flowable aerosol antiperspirant composition may have an averageviscosity from about 1,000 centipose, 2,000 centipose, or 3,000centipose to about 7,000, or 5,000 centipose or 4,000 centipose at 25°C. A viscosity lower than 1,000 centipose may lead to an aerosolantiperspirant composition, which when spayed, results in a runny ordrippy effect on skin that may be perceived by a user as wet rather thandry. While roll-on type antiperspirant compositions may have viscositiesbelow 1,000 centipose, the runny or drippy effect may be managed inroll-on type products by a roller ball which applies a thin film of theantiperspirant composition compared to an aerosol antiperspirantcomposition which is applied in a more uncontrolled manner.

An aerosol antiperspirant product may comprise from about 40%, 45%, 50%,or 55% to about 70%, 65%, or 60% by weight of the total fill ofmaterials of an antiperspirant composition. An aerosol antiperspirantproduct may comprise from about 4 g, 6 g, 8 g, 10 g, 12 g, 14 g, or 16 gto about 70 g, 50 g, 40 g, 30 g, or 20 g of an antiperspirantcomposition. The antiperspirant composition concentration and/or mass ofan already filled container (assuming it is not known how much was addedto the container) may be measured by a variety of means known in theart.

As previously discussed, lower propellant concentrations may increasethe mass flow rate of the antiperspirant composition, thereby increasingthe deposition efficiency and/or amount of antiperspirant activedeposited per use, which in turn may increase product efficacy/wetnessprotection if the active remains substantive on the skin. However, lowerpropellant concentrations may increase the risk of clogging, as lesspropellant is available for expansion and purging of the valve andactuator passages/openings of the antiperspirant composition. Anyantiperspirant composition that remains within the product containerdownstream of or within the valve is subject to drying, particularlywhen a volatile liquid carrier is used. Incorporating a non-volatilesilicone fluid in the antiperspirant composition is one means forminimizing drying within the product container post use, therebyreducing the risk of clogging of the product container. In addition,incorporating a non-volatile silicone fluid may increase thesubstantivity of the antiperspirant composition on skin, therebypotentially increasing product efficacy as the antiperspirantcomposition may form a film that more readily adheres to skin ratherthan flaking off.

A. Non-Volatile Silicone Fluids

The antiperspirant compositions comprise at least one non-volatile,silicone fluid as a carrier for the one or more antiperspirant activesand/or other components of the antiperspirant composition. As usedherein, the term “non-volatile” refers to a material that has a boilingpoint above 250° C. (at atmospheric pressure) and/or a vapor pressurebelow 0.1 mm Hg at 25° C. The non-volatile, silicone fluid may comprisea mixture of silicone components in addition to other constituents,although non-volatile silicone components should comprise the bulk ofthe fluid. An aerosol antiperspirant composition may comprise aplurality of non-volatile, silicone fluids.

The total concentration of non-volatile, silicone fluids may be fromabout 40%, 45%, 50% to about 70%, 65%, 60%, or 55% by weight of anantiperspirant composition. In some embodiments, the total concentrationof non-volatile, silicone fluids may be from about 45% to about 55% byweight of an antiperspirant composition. The liquid materials of theantiperspirant composition may consist essentially of or are primarilyformed from one or more non-volatile, silicone fluid(s). It is believedthat a concentration of the one or more non-volatile silicone fluids ofless than 40% by weight of the antiperspirant composition in combinationwith a low propellant concentration may be insufficient to preventeventual drying (and attendant clogging) of the antiperspirantcomposition in between uses, particularly where the antiperspirantcomposition comprises a high concentration of particulates. In addition,lower concentrations of non-volatile silicone fluid(s) may reduce theability of the fluid to minimize the appearance of residue forantiperspirant compositions that comprises high concentrations ofparticulates. It is also believed that a concentration of the one ormore non-volatile silicone fluids greater than 70% by weight of theantiperspirant composition may result in too low of a concentration ofparticulates compared to the amount of liquid materials to effectivelyprovide a dry feel of the composition during use.

Some non-volatile, silicone fluids that may be used include, but are notlimited to, polyalkyl siloxanes, polyalkylaryl siloxanes, and polyethersiloxane copolymers, and mixtures thereof. Some preferred non-volatilesilicone fluids may be linear polyalkyl siloxanes, especiallypolydimethyl siloxanes (e.g., dimethicone) having the molecular formulaof (C₂H₆OSi)_(n). These siloxanes are available, for example, fromMomentive Performance Materials, Inc. (Ohio, USA) under the tradenameElement 14 PDMS (viscosity oil). Silicones Fluids from Dow CorningCorporation (Midland, Mich., USA) available under the trade name DowCorning 200 Fluid series (e.g., 10 to 350 cps).

Other non-volatile silicone fluids that can be used includepolymethylphenylsiloxanes. These siloxanes are available, for example,from the General Electric Company as SF 1075 methyl phenyl fluid or fromDow Corning as 556 Fluid. A polyether siloxane copolymer that may beused is, for example, a dimethyl polyoxyalkylene ether copolymer fluid.Such copolymers are available, for example, from the General ElectricCompany as SF-1066 organosilicone surfactant.

The non-volatile, silicone fluid may have an average viscosity fromabout 5 centistokes, 10 centistokes, 20 centistokes, or 50 centistokesto about 900 centistokes, 500 centistokes, 350 centistokes, 100centistokes or 50 centistokes at 25° C. In some specific embodiments,the silicone fluid may have a viscosity about 50 cs. At less than 5centistokes, the silicone fluid may become volatile and at viscositiesgreater than 900 centistokes, the antiperspirant composition may be toothick to atomize. While the non-volatile silicone fluid may have anaverage viscosity within the described ranges, it will be appreciatedthat individual silicone components of the fluid may have viscositiesoutside of the described ranges. The viscosity of the non-volatilesilicone fluid may be selected to provide a desired overall viscosity ofthe antiperspirant composition. In some specific embodiments, theviscosity of the non-volatile silicone fluid is from about 10centistokes to about 100 centistokes.

B. Other Liquid Materials

While it may be desirable for the liquid materials of the antiperspirantcomposition to consist essentially of or be primarily formed fromnon-volatile silicone fluids, it is contemplated that other liquidmaterials may be included in the antiperspirant composition at lowerconcentrations. For example, liquid fragrance materials and/or asilicone gum may be optionally included in an antiperspirantcomposition. The liquid materials of the antiperspirant composition maycomprise less than 30%, 20%, 10%, or less than 5% by weight of liquidsother than non-volatile, silicone fluids. Said in another way, theliquid materials of the antiperspirant composition may comprise morethan 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or about 100% by weight of non-volatilesilicone fluids.

It is believed that an antiperspirant composition whose liquid materialscomprise too much of a volatile silicone fluid may lead to an increasedpropensity for the appearance of a residue due to the evaporation of thevolatile silicone fluid. An antiperspirant composition may comprise lessthan 10%, 5%, 1%, or 0.5% by weight of a volatile silicone fluid. Anantiperspirant composition may be substantially or completely free of anon-volatile silicone fluid.

An antiperspirant composition may optionally comprise one or moresilicone gums. A silicone gum may be added to an antiperspirantcomposition to further increase substantivity of the antiperspirantcomposition and/or increase the drop size of the aerosol sprayparticles. However, formulating an aerosol antiperspirant compositionwith a silicone gum in combination with relatively high concentrationsof a non-volatile silicone fluid and/or relatively high concentrationsof total particulates may involve a number of tradeoffs. For example,too much of a silicone gum may dramatically increase viscosity of theantiperspirant composition and the risk of clogging of the containeractuator and/or valve, particularly where there is already a relativelyhigh concentration of total particulates. Still further, too much of asilicone gum may reduce the diameter of the spray making it moredifficult for a user to achieve complete coverage of an axillia(typically a 7.5 cm×12.5 cm area) during application as well aspotentially creating regions of high antiperspirant composition dosage,thereby negatively impacting skin feel.

Given the challenges associated with incorporating a silicone gum in anaerosol antiperspirant product comprising a low propellant concentrationand high concentration of a non-volatile silicone fluid, anantiperspirant composition may be substantially or completely free ofsilicone gum materials. When inclusion of a silicone gum is desirable,an antiperspirant composition may have a concentration from about 0.05%or 0.075% to about 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, or 0.2% of a silicone gum by weightof the antiperspirant composition. The silicone gum material may have aviscosity from about 100,000 centistokes to about 10,000,000 centistokesat 25° C.

If a silicone gum is included, any silicone gum having a viscositywithin the ranges described herein may be used, provided it is solublein the liquid carrier, propellant or a combination thereof of theantiperspirant composition. Some suitable silicone gums include siliconepolymers of the dimethyl polysiloxane type, which may have other groupsattached, such as phenyl, vinyl, cyano, or acrylic, but the methylgroups should be in a major proportion. Silicone polymers having aviscosity below about 100,000 centistokes (molecular weight below about100,000) at 25° C. are not considered silicone gums here but are rather,typically, considered a silicone fluid. One non-limiting example ofsilicone gum suitable for use is a silicone/gum fluid blend comprising adimethiconol gum having a molecular weight form about 200,000 to4,000,000 along with a silicone fluid carrier with a viscosity fromabout 0.65 to 100 mm² s⁻¹. An example of this silicone/gum blend isavailable from Dow Corning, Corp. of Michigan, USA under the trade nameDC-1503 Fluid (88% dimethicone fluid/12% dimethiconol). Other siliconegums materials include SF1236 Dimethicone, SF1276 Dimethicone, andCF1251 Dimethicone available from Momentive Performance Materials, Inc.of NY, USA.

An antiperspirant composition may optionally comprise one or more freefragrance materials. Free fragrance materials are typically liquids,which may contribute to the total amount of liquid materials in anantiperspirant composition. As used herein the term free fragrancematerial means a fragrance material that is not encapsulated, such as,for example, a mixture of perfume or aromatic components that areoptionally mixed with a suitable solvent, diluent or carrier. Somesuitable solvents, diluents or carriers for the perfume components mayinclude ethanol, isopropanol, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether,dipropylene glycol, diethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, and mixturesthereof. An antiperspirant composition may comprise from about 0.5%,0.75% or 1% to about 4%, 3%, 2%, or 1.5% of a free fragrance material.An aerosol antiperspirant product may contain from about 0.5 g, 0.75 g,or 1 g to about 3 g, 2 g, or 1.5 g of free fragrance materials.

A perfume component may be any natural or synthetic perfume componentknown to one skilled in the art of creating fragrances including, butnot limited to, essential oils, citrus oils, absolutes, resinoids,resins, concretes, etc., and synthetic perfume components such ashydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, acids, esters,acetals, ketals, nitriles, etc., including saturated and unsaturatedcompounds, aliphatic, carbocyclic and heterocyclic compounds. Somenon-limiting examples of perfume components include: geraniol, geranylacetate, linalool, linalyl acetate, tetrahydrolinalool, citronellol,citronellyl acetate, dihydromyrcenol, dihydromyrcenyl acetate,tetrahydromyrcenol, terpineol, terpinyl acetate, nopol, nopyl acetate,2-phenylethanol, 2-phenylethyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl acetate,benzyl salicylate, benzyl benzoate, styrallyl acetate, amyl salicylate,dimethylbenzyl carbinol, trichloromethylphenyl-carbinyl acetate,p-tert.butyl-cyclohexyl acetate, isononyl acetate, vetiveryl acetate,vetiverol, alpha-n-amylcinammic aldehyde, alpha-hexylcinammic aldehyde,2-methyl-3-(p-tert.butylphenyl)-propanol,2-methyl-3-(p-isopropylphenyl)-propanal,3-(p-tert.butylphenyl)-propanal, tricyclodecanyl acetate,tricyclodecanyl propionate, 4-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexenecarbaldehyde, 4-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-3-cyclohexene carbaldehyde,4-acetoxy-3-pentyltetrahydropyran, methyldihydrojasmonate,2-n-heptylcyclopentanone, 3-methyl-2-pentylcyclopentanone, n-decanal,9-decenol-1, phenoxyethyl isobutyrate, phenyl-acetaldehyde dimethylacetal, phenylacetaldehyde diethyl acetal, geranonitrile,citronellonitrile, cedryl acetate, 3-isocamphylcyclohexanol, cedrylmethyl ether, isolongifolanone, aubepine nitrile, aubepine,heliotropine, coumarin, eugenol, vanillin, diphenyl oxide,hydroxycitronellal, ionones, methylionones, isomethylionones, irones,cis-3-hexenol and esters thereof, indane musk fragrances, tetralin muskfragrances, isochroman musk fragrances, macrocyclic ketones,macrolactone musk fragrances, ethylene brassylate, aromatic nitro-muskfragrances. Some perfume components are also described in Arctander,Perfume and Flavour Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals), Vol. I and II (1969)and Arctander, Perfume and Flavour Materials of Natural Origin (1960).

C. Particulate Materials

While the combination of low propellant concentration and a highconcentration of non-volatile silicone fluids may provide a number ofbenefits, this combination may also result in a number of tradeoffs. Forexample, higher antiperspirant active deposition (due to a lowerpropellant concentration) in combination with a high concentration of anon-volatile silicone fluid may result in a wet and/or sticky skin feel.In addition, a non-volatile silicone fluid may tend to impede release ofthe antiperspirant active more so than a volatile liquid carrier, as avolatile liquid carrier eventually evaporates leaving behind theantiperspirant active and the other non-volatile components, which areeasily wetted by perspiration thereby releasing the antiperspirantactive. In contrast, non-volatile silicones do not evaporate as easilyand tend to be hydrophobic, thereby potentially decreasingantiperspirant active release.

Incorporating a high concentration of particulates is one meansidentified for improving dry skin feel in an antiperspirant compositioncomprising a high concentration of a non-volatile liquid material. It isbelieved, however, that too low of an amount of particulates relative tothe amount of non-volatile liquid materials may lead to an insufficientimprovement in dry skin feel. Conversely, it is believed that too highof an amount may lead to an unacceptable appearance of residue, becausethere is too little non-volatile silicone fluid to act as a maskingagent for the high amount of particulates. Surprisingly, it may bepossible to increase the total concentration of particulates to improveskin feel to an acceptable level (in a composition comprising a highconcentration of non-volatile silicones) while still minimizing theappearance of a residue by balancing the total amount of non-volatileliquids to the total amount of particulates. The type and concentrationof particulates may also affect the antiperspirant active release, whichare additional formulation design considerations.

It is believed that an aerosol antiperspirant composition comprising atotal non-volatile liquid material to total particulate material ratio(L/P ratio) from about 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2, or 1.4 to about 1.6 may balancethe tradeoff between enough particulates to provide acceptable skin feelwhile minimizing the appearance of residue. These ratios may beparticularly beneficial for an aerosol antiperspirant product having anantiperspirant composition mass flow rate less than 0.3 g/sec, 0.2g/sec, or 0.15 g/sec, as these L/P ratios may not be able to compensatefor undesirable skin feel induced by higher mass flow rates. In somespecific embodiments, it may be desirable to utilize an L/P ratio fromabout 0.6 to about 1.2 or from about 1 to about 1.2 when highconcentrations of a low viscosity (e.g., 10 centistokes to 100centistokes) non-silicone fluid are incorporated in an antiperspirantcomposition in order to achieve an appropriate antiperspirantcomposition viscosity. It is further believed that L/P ratios from about0.8 to about 1.4 may be particularly preferred for balancing theaforementioned tradeoff(s). An antiperspirant composition may have atotal particulate concentration from about 30%, 35%, or 40% to about60%, 55%, or 50% by weight of the antiperspirant composition, in keepingwith the total liquid to total particulate (L/P) ratios previouslydescribed.

While the antiperspirant composition may comprise a variety ofparticulate materials, it is believed that the type (e.g., hydrophilicv. hydrophobic) and concentrations of particulate materials included inan antiperspirant composition may impact skin feel, release of theantiperspirant active, and the propensity for clogging of the productcontainer. For example, too much antiperspirant active may result in awet or sticky skin feel due to the propensity of antiperspirant activesto become sticky when hydrated (e.g., by perspiration) even within theL/P ratios previously described. In addition, too much of a hydrophobicparticulate material may reduce release of the antiperspirant activefrom the composition. Conversely, inclusion of a hydrophilic particulatematerial may advantageously aid release of the antiperspirant active,which may be beneficial in a composition comprising a high concentrationof a non-volatile silicone fluid. Further, too much of a bulking orsuspending material may lead to an increased risk of clogging,particularly if smaller controlling orifices are utilized in a lowpropellant product. Therefore, it may be desirable to balance these andother design considerations when incorporating particulate materials inan aerosol antiperspirant composition.

Some examples of particulate materials that may be included inantiperspirant composition include but are not limited to antiperspirantactives, excipient particulates (e.g., powders such as tapioca starch,corn starch, encapsulated fragrance materials, etc.) and bulking orsuspending agents (e.g., silicas or clays). Other types of particulatesmay also be incorporated in an antiperspirant composition.

Antiperspirant Actives

An aerosol antiperspirant composition comprises one or moreantiperspirant actives. The antiperspirant active may be any particlehaving antiperspirant activity. An antiperspirant active may besubstantially insoluble in the antiperspirant composition. Since theamount of an antiperspirant active may significantly impact skin feel,an antiperspirant composition may comprise from about 16%, 18%, 20%,22%, or 24% to about 34%, 32%, 30%, 28%, or 26% by weight of anantiperspirant active. These antiperspirant active concentrations arethe anhydrous amount that is added. The antiperspirant active mayrepresent the highest concentration of particulate materials in theantiperspirant composition. For example, the antiperspirant active (onan anhydrous basis) may comprise from about 50% to about 80%, or fromabout 50% to about 70%, or from about 50% to about 60% of the totalparticulate materials in the antiperspirant composition. The balance ofthe total particulate concentration comprises non-antiperspirant activeparticulates. An aerosol antiperspirant product may contain from about 1g to about 20 g, or from about 2 g to about 15 g, or from about 4 g toabout 10 g of an antiperspirant active.

Some examples of suitable antiperspirant actives include astringentmetallic salts, particularly including the inorganic and organic saltsof aluminum. Some exemplary aluminum salts that can be used includealuminum chloride and the aluminum hydroxyhalides having the generalformula Al₂(OH)_(a)Q_(b)XH₂0 where Q is chloride, bromide, or iodide(preferably chloride), a is from about 2 to about 5, and a+b=about 6,and a and b do not need to be integers, and where X is from about I toabout 6, and X does not need to be an integer. Particularly preferredare the aluminum chlorhydroxides referred to as “⅚ basic chlorhydroxide”wherein “a” is 5 and “⅔ basic chlorhydroxide” wherein “a” is 4. Aluminumsalts of this type can be prepared in the manner described more fully inU.S. Pat. Nos. 3,887,692; 3,904,741; and 4,359,456. Preferred compoundsinclude the ⅚ basic aluminum salts of the empirical formulaAl₂(OH)₅DI2H₂0; mixtures of AICl₃6H₂0 and Al₂(OH)5CI₂H₂O with aluminumchloride to aluminum hydroxychloride weight ratios of up to about 0.5.

Excipient Particulate Materials

Excipient particulate materials may comprise the second highestconcentration of particulate materials in an aerosol antiperspirantcomposition. An antiperspirant composition may comprise from about 5%,10%, or 15% to about 35%, 30%, 25% or 20% by weight of excipientparticulate materials. Excipient particulate materials may comprise fromabout 20% to about 48%, or from about 25% to about 48%, or from about30% to about 48% of the total particulate materials. Excipientparticulate materials may be hydrophobic or hydrophilic. In somespecific embodiments, the excipient materials may consist essentially ofor completely of hydrophobic or hydrophilic materials. Preferably, theexcipient materials consist essentially or completely of hydrophilicparticulate materials.

Some non-limiting excipient particulate materials include, but are notlimited to, native starches such as tapioca, corn, oat, potato and wheatstarch powders, and encapsulated fragrance materials. The particulatesmay be hydrophilic or hydrophobically modified (the later tending toonly be moderately hydrophobic). The particulates may be free flowingand may have an average particle size less than 30 microns. Oneexcipient particulate material believed to be particularly suitable foruse is a hydrophilic or hydrophobically modified tapioca starchparticulate material, preferably a hydrophilic tapioca material. Tapiocais a starch which may be extracted from the cassava plant, typicallyfrom the root, which may then be processed or modified as known in theart. Tapioca starches are, advantageously, substantially non-allergenic.Tapioca starch particulates may be round to oval in shape and may havean average particle size about 20 microns, which is believed to have apositive impact on antiperspirant composition flow through the valve andactuator. One non-limiting example of a hydrophobically modified tapiocamaterial suitable for use comprises a silicone grafted tapioca starch,which is available under the trade name Dry Flo TS from AkzoNobel of theNetherlands. The INCI name is tapioca starch polymethylsilsesquioxaneand may be produced by a reaction of methyl sodium siliconate(polymethylsilsesquioxane) and tapioca starch. This silicone graftedtapioca starch is commercially available as CAS no. 68989-12-8. Thesilicone grafted tapioca starch can be formed using any known means,including, but not limited to those methods described in U.S. Pat. Nos.7,375,214, 7,799,909, 6,037,466, 2,852,404, 5,672,699, and 5,776,476.Other non-limiting examples of hydrophobically modified tapioca starchmaterials that are suitable for use include Dry Flo AF (siliconemodified starch from Akzo Nobel), Rheoplus PC 541 (Siam ModifiedStarch), Acistar RT starch (available from Cargill) and Lorenz 325,Lorenz 326, and Lorenz 810 (available from Lorenz of Brazil).

In some specific embodiments, the tapioca material may be hydrophilic inorder to facilitate release of the antiperspirant active during use. Anon-limiting example of a hydrophilic tapioca starch material suitablefor use is available under the trade name Tapioca Pure available fromAkzo Nobel. The tapioca starch material may have a concentration fromabout 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, or 15% to about 40%, 35%, 30%, 25% or 20% byweight of the antiperspirant composition.

An antiperspirant composition may optionally comprise one or moreencapsulated fragrance materials as excipient materials for maskingmalodors, absorbing malodors, or which otherwise provide theantiperspirant compositions with a desired aroma during use. As usedherein, the phrase “encapsulated fragrance material” refers to perfumecomponents and the carrier encapsulating the perfume components.Encapsulated fragrance materials also refer to carriers capable ofabsorbing a fragrance or malodor in use, such as for example anuncomplexed cyclodextrin material. The encapsulated perfume componentsmay be released by a moisture activation mechanism whereby upon beingwetted, e.g., by perspiration or other body fluids, the encapsulatedperfume component is released. Alternatively or in addition thereto, theperfume components may be released by fracture of the carrier, such asby the application of pressure, a shear force, or other event whichreleases the perfume component due to application of a force to thecarrier. Encapsulated fragrance materials may be provided in aparticulate form which would be considered part of the total particulateconcentration of the antiperspirant composition.

An antiperspirant composition may comprise from about 0.25% to about 5%,or from about 0.5% to 5%, or from about 0.5% to about 4% by weight ofthe antiperspirant composition of an encapsulated fragrance material. Anaerosol antiperspirant product may contain from about 0.01 g to about 4g, or from about 0.05 g to about 2 g, or from about 0.05 g to about 1.5g of an encapsulated fragrance material. Examples of some carrierssuitable for forming the encapsulated fragrance materials include, butare not limited to, oligosaccharides (e.g., cyclodextrins), starches,polyethylenes, polyamides, polystyrenes, polyisoprenes, polycarbonates,polyesters, polyacrylates, vinyl polymers, silicas, andaluminosilicates. Some examples of encapsulated fragrance materials aredescribed in USPNs 2010/0104611; 2010/0104613; 2010/0104612;2011/0269658; 2011/0269657; 2011/0268802; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,861,144;5,711,941; 8,147,808; and 5,861,144.

As used herein, the term “cyclodextrin” includes any of the knowncyclodextrins such as unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing from six totwelve glucose units, especially alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin,gamma-cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives and/or mixtures thereof. Theterm “uncomplexed cyclodextrin” as used herein means that the cavitieswithin the cyclodextrin in the composition of the present inventionshould remain essentially unfilled prior to application to skin in orderto allow the cyclodextrin to absorb various odor molecules when thecomposition is applied to the skin. While it is desirable that thecyclodextrins incorporated in an antiperspirant composition contain aperfume component, it is contemplated that uncomplexed cyclodextrins maybe incorporated as part of the total particulate amount in someinstances.

Some cyclodextrins suitable for use in the present invention includealpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, theirderivatives, and mixtures thereof. More preferred are beta cyclodextrin,hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin,methylated-alpha-cyclodextrin or methylated-beta-cyclodextrin, andmixtures thereof. Some cyclodextrin complexes, particle sizes, andmethods of formation useful herein, are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No.5,429,628.

The encapsulated fragrance material, whatever form it takes, maycomprise a wide variety of perfume components, including but not limitedto volatile perfume components having a boiling point at normal pressureof less than about 260° C., more preferably less than about 250° C., andperfume components having significant low odor detection threshold, andmixtures thereof. The boiling points of many perfume components aregiven in, e.g., “Perfume and Flavor Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals),”Steffen Arctander, published by the author, 1969.

Bulking or Suspending Agents

An antiperspirant composition may optionally comprise one or moreparticulate bulking or suspending agents. The bulking or suspendingagent may be hydrophobic, hydrophilic, or comprise mixtures thereof. Insome specific embodiments, these materials may be hydrophilic in orderto facilitate release of the antiperspirant active during use. Someexamples of silica materials that may be used include, but are notlimited to, colloidal silicas. Some non-limiting examples of silicamaterials are available from Evonik Industries under the trade namesAerosil 200SP, Aerosil 300SP, and Aerosil R972.

Some examples of clay materials that may be used at a low concentrationinclude, but are not limited to, montmorillonite clays andhydrophobically treated montmorillonite clays. Montmorillonite clays arethose which contain the mineral montmorillonite and may be characterizedby a having a suspending lattice. Some examples of these clays includebut are not limited to bentonites, hectorites, and colloidal magnesiumaluminum silicates. Clay materials may be made hydrophobic by treatmentwith a cationic surfactant, such as a quaternary ammonium cationicsurfactant. One example of a clay material is available from ElementisSpecialities, Plc. of the UK under the trade name Bentone 38. A clayactivator, such as propylene carbonate or triethyl citrate, may also beincluded in the antiperspirant composition.

III. Aerosol Antiperspirant Containers and Products

The aerosol antiperspirant compositions and propellants described hereinmay be incorporated into a container or package. Referring to FIGS. 1and 2, one example of an aerosol antiperspirant product is shown. Theaerosol antiperspirant product 100 comprises a container 102, a liquidpropellant 104, and an aerosol antiperspirant composition 106. Thecontainer 100 comprises a body 108, an actuator 110 having a dischargeorifice 112, a valve assembly 114, a dip tube 119, and a reservoir 118that stores the liquid propellant 104 and the antiperspirant composition106. While one reservoir is shown, a plurality of reservoirs may beprovided. The actuator 110, valve assembly 114, and container 100 may beprovided in a wide variety of configurations, shapes, and sizes. Thevolume of the reservoir 118 may be from about 20 ml to about 120 ml, orfrom about 40 ml to about 110 ml, or from about 70 ml to about 110 ml.An aerosol antiperspirant product may contain from about 10 g to about60 g, or from about 15 g to about 50 g, or from about 25 g to about 50 gof total materials stored in the reservoir 118.

When a user depresses the actuator 110, a valve within the valveassembly 114 is opened thereby reducing the pressure in the reservoir118. As the pressure drops, the liquid propellant 104 begins to boilthereby maintaining/increasing the pressure in the reservoir 118 whichforces some of the antiperspirant composition 106 and liquid propellant104 up the dip tube 119, thru the valve, and out of the dischargeorifice 112 of the actuator 110. The liquid propellant mixed with theantiperspirant composition expands into a gas (within the actuator, uponexiting the actuator, or both) which atomizes the antiperspirantcomposition into droplets and forms a spray comprising the droplets andthe gaseous propellant.

Referring to FIGS. 2 to 11, one example of a valve assembly 114 whichmay be attached to the body 108 is shown. The valve assembly 114comprises a stem 124 to which the actuator 110 attaches, a mountingflange 128 for attaching the valve assembly 114 to the body 108, and ahousing 130 attached to the mounting flange 128. The housing 130contains a spring 132 that biases the stem 124. The bottom portion ofthe housing 130 comprises a counter bore for receiving the dip tube 119.In this particular embodiment, a valve comprises mating sealing surfaces140 and 146 formed by an inner wall of a substantially flat gasket 148and a wall of a groove 140 formed in the stem 124. The sealing surfaces140 and 146 are mated when the actuator 110 is not depressed, as shownin FIG. 1, thereby preventing flow of the antiperspirant composition andliquid propellant to the actuator 110. As used herein, the term valve(as opposed to valve assembly) is intended to merely refer to the matingsealing surfaces that permit or prevent flow of the liquidantiperspirant composition (possibly mixed with propellant in a gaseousand/or liquid state) from the reservoir 118 to the actuator 110. In somespecific embodiments, the valve is a continuous flow valve, meaningthere is flow through the valve for as long as the actuator isdepressed. In contrast, a non-continuous or metered valve allows onlypredetermined amount of flow thru the valve regardless how long theactuator is depressed.

One or more radial bores 138 opening into the wall of the groove 140communicate with a blind axial bore 144 that extends along a portion ofthe length of the stem 124. The one or more radial bores 138 mayfunction as a controlling orifice that principally controls the massflow of the liquid propellant/antiperspirant composition mixture. Theaxial bore 144 communicates with the actuator 110 when it is attached tothe stem 124. When the actuator 110 is depressed, the sealing surfaces140 and 146 separate, thereby permitting a mixture of liquid propellantand antiperspirant composition to flow through the radial bore 138 tothe axial bore 144 and onto the actuator 110. As will be appreciated,other valve configurations, sizes, and shapes may be provided, as knownin the art. For example, the various valve configurations illustrated inU.S. Pat. No. 4,396,152 may also be utilized.

The controlling orifice may comprise one or a plurality of openings. Thecontrolling orifice may have a total cross-sectional area from about0.01 mm² to about 1 mm², or about 0.03 mm² to about 0.5 mm², or about0.06 mm² to about 0.1 mm². The controlling orifice may have a maximumdimension, typically a diametrical dimension, from about 0.1 mm to about1 mm, or from about 0.2 mm to about 0.8 mm, or from about 0.3 mm toabout 0.5 mm. In one embodiment, the controlling orifice comprises oneradial bore 138 having a diameter from about 0.3 mm to about 0.4 mm.

The valve assembly 114 may comprise a vapor tap for diverting some ofthe gaseous propellant from the headspace of the reservoir 118 for thepurpose of mixing the diverted gaseous propellant with theantiperspirant composition. The housing 130 may comprise a one or moreholes 150 for permitting gaseous propellant to pass from the reservoir118 into the interior of the housing 130. A cup-shaped insert 152 may beinstalled within the housing 130. The cup-shaped insert 152 may receiveone end of the spring 132, as best seen in FIG. 1. A bore 154 may beprovided in the bottom of the cup-shaped insert 152, thereby permittingthe antiperspirant composition/liquid propellant mixture to flow fromthe dip tube 119 into the interior of the cup-shaped insert 152. One ormore passages 158 may be provided to direct the gaseous propellant fromthe interior of the housing 130 into the bore 154, where it mixes withthe antiperspirant composition/liquid propellant mixture. The passages158 may be aligned tangentially with the bore 154, as shown by way ofexample in FIG. 11, or the passages 158 may be aligned radially with thebore 154. The passages 158 may also be aligned in other configurationswith the bore 154, such as intermediate between a tangential arrangementand a radial arrangement. If a vapor tap arrangement is provided, thepassage(s) 158 may have a total cross-sectional area from about 0.05 mm²to about 0.4 mm².

While the passages are shown as generally rectangular in cross-sectionalshape, it will be appreciated that the passages 158 may be provided inother shapes and sizes. Similarly, while the various bores, holes, andorifices are shown and described herein as generallycircular/cylindrical in shape, it will be appreciated that they may beprovided in other shapes and sizes. Further, while the vapor taparrangements shown in the FIGS. permit gaseous propellant to mix withthe antiperspirant composition/liquid propellant mixture upstream of thevalve, other vapor tap arrangements (or no vapor tap) may be implementedas known in the art. For example, a vapor tap arrangement may beprovided where the gaseous propellant mixes downstream of the valve,perhaps still within the valve assembly or within the actuator. Multiplevapor tap arrangements may also be provided. For example, a first vaportap arrangement might provide for mixing of gaseous propellant and theantiperspirant composition/liquid propellant mixture upstream of thevalve while a second vapor tap arrangement might provide for mixing ofadditional gaseous propellant and the antiperspirant composition mixturedownstream of the valve. While the valve assembly is shown herein ascomprising a variety of components, it is contemplated that thesecomponents may be changed, combined, deleted, or other components orstructures substituted therefor without departing from the spirit and/orscope of the various invention(s) described herein. Likewise, thecontainer and actuator may be provided in a variety of alternate shapesand configurations.

One example of a valve assembly having the general configuration shownin FIG. 4 is available from the Precision Valve Company (USA) under thetrade name Ecosol.

IV. Methods of Use

A user of an aerosol antiperspirant product may initiate a spray bydepressing an actuator, thereby opening a valve in the product whichenables a liquid propellant/antiperspirant composition mixture to exitthe actuator. Prior to actuation, it may be desirable to shake or rotatethe product to redisperse the liquid and particulate materials. Whileusage time can vary widely, users of an aerosol antiperspirant productmay depress the actuator from about 2 seconds to about 5 seconds, orfrom about 2 seconds to about 4 seconds, or from about 2 seconds toabout 3 seconds to provide a burst of antiperspirant composition fordeposition to an underarm or axillia skin surface. An aerosolantiperspirant product may be sized to provide a life cycle from about60 seconds to about 200 seconds, or from about 70 seconds to about 150seconds, for from about 90 seconds to about 130 seconds. Aerosolantiperspirant product life cycles within these ranges may provide fromabout 15 to about 50 two second uses per product.

Wetness protection/product efficacy may increase as the amount ofantiperspirant active delivered to skin increases, assuming theincreased amount of active is available for activity (e.g., does notflake off). An aerosol antiperspirant product may deliver a total massflow rate less than 0.5 g/sec or from about 0.1 g/sec to about 0.5g/sec, or from about 0.2 g/sec to about 0.4 g/sec, or from about 0.25g/sec to about 0.35 g/sec. An aerosol antiperspirant product may deliveran antiperspirant composition mass flow rate less than 0.3 g/sec or fromabout 0.1 g/sec to about 0.3 g/sec. It is believed that mass flow ratesgreater than described above may lead to significantly reduced skin feel(even if the L/P ratio is within the ranges previously described),because the total amount of antiperspirant composition deposited on theskin, particularly where there is a high concentration of a non-volatilesilicone fluid, may be too great.

The amount of antiperspirant active delivered to a target surface(according to the test method described herein) by a two secondapplication from an aerosol antiperspirant product may be from about 40mg, 50 mg, 60 mg, or 70 mg to about 100 mg, 90 mg, or 80 mg. The amountof free fragrance material delivered to a target surface by a two secondapplication of an aerosol antiperspirant product may be from about 3 mgto about 20 mg, or from about 6 mg to about 15 mg, or from about 6 mg toabout 12 mg. The amount of encapsulated fragrance material delivered toa target surface by a two second application of an aerosolantiperspirant product may be from about 0.75 mg to about 15 mg, or fromabout 1 mg to about 12 mg, or from about 1 mg to about 9 mg. The totalamount of antiperspirant composition delivered to a target surface(according to the test method described herein) by a two secondapplication of an aerosol antiperspirant product may be from about 0.1 gto about 0.4 g, or from about 0.2 g to about 0.4 g, or from about 0.2 gto about 0.3 g.

An aerosol antiperspirant product utilizing a low propellantconcentration may provide a deposition efficiency from about 60%, 65%,70%, or 75% to about 100%, 95%, 90%, 85% or 80% for the antiperspirantcomposition, antiperspirant active, free fragrance materials and/orencapsulated fragrance materials.

The values described in this section may be measured according the testmethods described herein.

V. Test Methods

The following test methods may be used to measure variouscharacteristics of an antiperspirant composition, antiperspirantproduct, and their methods of use.

Propellant Concentration Test Method

One method for determining liquid propellant concentrations of anaerosol antiperspirant product will now be described. The overcap of theproduct container is removed, and the weight of the container and itscontents (gross mass) are measured using any suitable scale, such as ananalytical balance. The top of the container is punctured using anysuitable tool, such as an AC-PD Aerosol Can Puncturing Device availablefrom Aero-Tech Laboratory Equipment Company, LLC of Missouri, USA. Thepuncture needle is fully extended into the container, and the punctureneedle is slowly retracted to permit the gaseous propellant to evacuatethe container. Once the puncture needle is completely retracted from thecontainer, the puncturing device can be removed from the container, andthe propellant will continue to escape from the puncture in thecontainer. All the propellant is allowed to evacuate from the container.

The mass of the container and the remaining contents (less thepropellant) are measured using any suitable device, such as ananalytical balance. The actuator is removed from the container using anysuitable device, such as an Aero-Tech Can Decrimper available fromAero-Tech Laboratory Equipment Company, LLC of Missouri, USA. The insideof the container is rinsed with ethanol until visually clean and thecontainer is allowed to dry for at least 2 hours. The mass of the emptycontainer and actuator are measured using any suitable device, such asan analytical balance. The propellant mass and concentration may bedetermined using the following equations:

Propellant  Mass  (g) = Gross  Mass − Mass  after  Propellant  Evacuation${{Propellant}\mspace{14mu} {Concentration}\mspace{14mu} \%} = \frac{{Propellant}\mspace{14mu} {Mass}}{{{Gross}\mspace{14mu} {Mass}} - {{Mass}\mspace{14mu} {of}\mspace{14mu} {Empty}\mspace{14mu} {Container}}}$

Total Mass Flow Rate Test Method

One method for measuring the total mass flow rate of an aerosolantiperspirant product will now be described. This test method ispreferably utilized with aerosol antiperspirant products comprising acontinuous actuator, meaning actuating the actuator results in acontinuous rather than intermittent spray. At least four aerosolantiperspirant product samples are tested. The product samples areshaken as directed and the actuator is actuated for 2 to 3 seconds,after which each product sample is weighed to measure its mass using anysuitable device, such as an analytical balance. The product samples arethen immersed in a constant-temperature (25° C.) bath until the internalpressure stabilizes at a temperature of 25° C. The product samples arethen removed from the bath and excess moisture is removed by blottingwith a paper towel. The products samples are shaken if directed and theactuator is actuated for 5 seconds, which may be accurately timed by useof a stopwatch. Each product sample is again weighed, after which theproduct samples are returned to the constant-temperature bath. Theprocess of bathing, actuating, and weighing is repeated three times foreach product sample. The average total mass flow rate may be calculatedfrom the spray time period (5.0 seconds) and the difference in massbefore and after each five second spray, averaged across the fourproduct samples and three repetitions per product sample.

Antiperspirant Composition Mass Flow Rate Test Method

One method for measuring the antiperspirant composition mass flow rateof an aerosol antiperspirant product will now be described. This testmethod is preferably utilized with aerosol antiperspirant productscomprising a continuous actuator, meaning actuating the actuator resultsin a continuous rather than intermittent spray. At least four aerosolantiperspirant product samples are tested. The product samples areshaken if directed and then immersed in a constant-temperature (25 C)bath until the internal pressure stabilizes at a temperature of 25° C.The product samples are then removed from the bath and excess moistureis removed by blotting with a paper towel. Each product sample isweighed to measure its mass using any suitable device, such as ananalytical balance. Twelve large plastic bags (one for each productsample times three repetitions) having a suitable volume, such as a 1 LZiploc brand bag (or a Whirl-Pak Write-on 55 ounce bag, Part # B01195WAavailable from Nasco, Inc), are weighed to measure their mass using anysuitable device, such as an analytical balance. Each product sample isshaken if directed and sprayed into one of the bags for a period of 5seconds in a manner that minimizes antiperspirant composition fromexiting the bag. For example, the opening thru which the spray entersthe bag may be limited to about 5 cm. The 5 second spray time period maybe accurately measured using a stopwatch. Following the 5 second sprayperiod, the antiperspirant composition is allowed to settle within thebag and the bag remains open for at least 1 minute but not longer than 2minutes in order to allow the liquid propellant to evaporate. The weightof the bags and their contents are weighed to measure their mass, andthe product samples are also weighed. The average mass flow rate of theantiperspirant composition may be determined using the followingequation which is averaged across the four product samples and the threerepetitions per product sample:

Mass Flow Rate of Antiperspirant Composition(g/sec)=Weight of Bag andAntiperspirant Composition−Weight of Bag/5 seconds

Antiperspirant Composition Deposition Efficiency, Amount Dispensed, andAmount Deposited Test Methods

One method for measuring antiperspirant composition depositionefficiency, amount dispensed and amount deposited of an aerosolantiperspirant product will now be described. At least four aerosolantiperspirant product samples are tested. The product samples areshaken if directed and the actuator is actuated for 2 to 3 seconds,after which each product sample is weighed to measure its mass using anysuitable device, such as an analytical balance. The product samples arethen immersed in a constant-temperature (25 C) bath until the internalpressure stabilizes at a temperature of 25° C. At least twelve filterpapers, such as Whatman 150 mm (diameter) Filter Paper available underthe catalog number 1003-150 from the Whatman Company of the UK, areweighed to measure the mass of the filter using any suitable device,such as an analytical balance. The product samples are removed from thebath, and any excess moisture is removed by blotting with a paper towel.The product samples are shaken if directed, and the product sample ispositioned approximately 15 cm away from one of the filter papers, whichis preferably weighted and/or fixtured to assure the filter paper doesnot move during spraying. The actuator of the product sample is actuatedfor 5 seconds which may be accurately timed using a stopwatch. It willbe appreciated, however, that other spray times may be substituted. Forexample, a two second spray time period might be used to betterapproximate the amount dispensed/deposited during a typical use cycle bya consumer. The spray from the product sample should be centered on thecenter of the filter paper. After spraying, the filter paper and productsample are weighed to measure the mass using any suitable device, suchas an analytical balance. The steps of bathing, weighing, and actuatingare repeated three times for each of the product samples. The averageantiperspirant composition efficiency may be calculated using thefollowing equations, averaged across the four product samples and thethree repetitions per product sample:

Amount  Dispensed  (g) = Product  Sample  Weight  Before  Spraying − Product  Sample  Weight  After  SprayingAmount  Deposited  (g) = Filter  Paper  Weight  After  Spraying − Filter  Paper  Weight  before  Spraying${{Antiperspirant}\mspace{14mu} {Composition}\mspace{14mu} {Deposition}\mspace{14mu} {Efficiency}\mspace{14mu} (\%)} = {100 \times \frac{{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {Deposited}}{{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {Dispensed}*{Antiperpsirant}\mspace{14mu} {Composition}\mspace{14mu} {Weight}\mspace{14mu} \%}}$

Antiperspirant Active Deposition Efficiency, Amount Dispensed, andAmount Deposited Test Methods

One method for measuring the antiperspirant active deposition efficiencyof an aerosol antiperspirant product will now be described. At leastfour aerosol antiperspirant product samples are tested. The productsamples are shaken if directed and the actuator is actuated for 2 to 3seconds, after which each product sample is weighed to measure its massusing any suitable device, such as an analytical balance. The productsamples are then immersed in a constant-temperature (25° C.) bath untilthe internal pressure stabilizes at a temperature of 25° C. The productsamples are then removed from the bath and excess moisture is removed byblotting with a paper towel. At least twelve filter papers, such asWhatman 150 mm Filter Paper available under the catalog number 1003-150from the Whatman Company of the UK, are weighed to measure the mass ofthe filter using any suitable devices, such as an analytical balance.The product samples are removed from the bath, and any excess moistureis removed by blotting with a paper towel. The product samples areshaken if directed, and the product sample is positioned approximately15 cm away from one of the filter papers, which is preferably weightedand/or fixtured to assure the filter paper does not move duringspraying. The actuator of the product sample is actuated for 5 secondswhich may be accurately timed using a stopwatch. It will be appreciatedthat other spray times may be substituted. For example, a two secondspray time period might be used to better approximate the amountdispensed/deposited during a typical use cycle by a consumer. The sprayfrom the product sample should be centered on the center of the filterpaper. After spraying, the filter paper and product sample are weighedto measure the mass using any suitable device, such as an analyticalbalance. The steps of bathing, weighing, and actuating are repeatedthree times for each of the product samples. The amount ofantiperspirant active deposited on a filter paper may be determinedusing an automated titrator, such as MettlerDL-70 equipped with MettlerDM141C combination silver-silver chloride electrode available fromMettler, Inc. Alternatively, the amount of antiperspirant activedeposited on a filter paper may be determined using the Content ofChloride Method set forth in the USP monograph for aluminumchlorohydrate (USP 35) or an equivalent method. The averageantiperspirant active deposition efficiency may be calculated using thefollowing equations, averaged across the four product samples and thethree repetitions per product sample:

Amount  Dispensed  (g) = Product  Sample  Weight  Before  Spraying − Product  Sample  Weight  After  SprayingAmount  Deposited  (gm) = Filter  Paper  Weight  Before  Spraying − Filter  Paper  Weight  After  Spraying${{Antiperspirant}\mspace{14mu} {Composition}\mspace{14mu} {Efficiency}\mspace{14mu} (\%)} = {100 \times \frac{{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {Deposited}}{{Amount}\mspace{14mu} {Dispensed}*{Antiperpsirant}\mspace{14mu} {Composition}\mspace{14mu} {Weight}\mspace{14mu} \%}}$

VI. Examples

Examples 1, 2 and 3 further describe and demonstrate some non-limitingembodiments of antiperspirant compositions made in accordance with theinvention, while Example 4 is a comparative antiperspirant composition.The examples are given solely for the purpose of illustration and arenot to be construed as limitations of the invention as many variationsthereof are possible without departing from the spirit and the scope ofthe invention.

TABLE 1 Exam- Exam- Comparative Ingredient ple 1 ple 2 Example 3 Example4 Aluminum chlorohydrate¹ 28 28 19 28 Dimethicone 48.38 52.3 61.25 5Cyclopentasiloxane² 47.25 Hydrophobic tapicoa³ 12 Hydrophilic tapioca⁴12 12 12 Disodium Hectorite⁵ 2 Triethyl citrate 0.67 Silicone gum⁶ 1Hydrophilic silica⁷ 1 1 1 Hydrophobic silica⁸ 0.25 0.25 0.25 Perfume 3.53.5 3.5 3.5 Betacyclodextrin fragrance 3 3 3 3 The values are shown on aby weight of the antiperspirant composition basis. ¹86% assay ofanhydrous active, average particle size approximately 15 microns. ²DC200 Fluid (50 cst) available from Dow Corning ³Dry Flo TS from AkzoNobel ⁴Tapioca Pure from Akzo Nobel ⁵Bentone 38 available from Elementis⁶DC1503 (a mixture of dimethicone and dimethiconol) available from DowCorning ⁷Aerosil A300 silica from Evonik ⁸Aerosil A300 silica fromEvonik

Antiperspirant compositions of Table 1 were made using the followinggeneral batch method: the non-volatile silicone fluid (and volatilesilicone fluid in the case of comparative Example 4) was added to anappropriately sized container followed by the silica (or clay in thecase of Example 1) and the mixture was milled for at least 1 minute at aspeed of 10,000 to 12,000 rpm using a hand held mill. In the case ofExample 1, triethyl citrate was then added to the mixture and milled forat least 5 minutes. The antiperspirant active particles were added tothe mixture and milled for at least 1 minute (Examples 2, 3 and 4) or atleast 5 minutes (Example 1). The tapioca starch material andbetacyclodextrin fragrance were added to the mixture and milled for atleast one minute (Examples 2, 3 and 4) or at least 5 minutes (Example1). The perfume was then added (and in the case of Example 1, thesilicone gum) and milled for at least one minute.

Antiperspirant compositions of Example 1 had an average viscosity ofapproximately 1,500 centipose, and antiperspirant compositions ofExample 2 had an average viscosity of approximately 4,200 centipose.Antiperspirant compositions of Example 3 had an average viscosity ofapproximately 3,000 centipose. Antiperspirant compositions ofcomparative Example 4 had an average viscosity of approximately 1,400centipose. The viscosity measurements were made using a BrookfieldViscometer Model 1/2RVT using an RV-4 spindle using techniques wellknown in the art. The desired weight (approximately 15 g) of theantiperspirant composition was transferred to 55 ml product containersto which a valve assembly was affixed. Approximately 15 g of A-46propellant was added to the product containers to achieve a 50%propellant concentration and 50% antiperspirant compositionconcentration by weight of the total fill of materials.

The average pressure within the reservoir was approximately 375 kPa foraerosol products containing the antiperspirant composition of Example 1,and approximately 393 kPA for aerosol products containing theantiperspirant composition of Example 2. The average pressure within thereservoir was approximately 365 kPA for aerosol products containing theantiperspirant composition of Example 3. The average pressure within thereservoir was approximately 379 kPA for aerosol products containing theantiperspirant composition of comparative Example 4. Pressure within thereservoir was measured using a pressure gauge and techniques well knownin the art. The valve assembly was similar to that shown in FIGS. 1 to10, having one radial bore 160 with a diameter of approximately 0.33 mmand two passages 180 each having a width of approximately 0.25 mm and aheight of approximately 0.33 mm. An actuator having a discharge orifice112 with a diametrical dimension of approximately 0.33 mm was fitted onthe valve assembly.

Aerosol products comprising the antiperspirant composition of Example 1had an average total mass flow rate of approximately 0.37 g/sec and anaverage antiperspirant composition flow rate of approximately 0.17g/sec. Aerosol products comprising the antiperspirant composition ofExample 2 had an average total mass flow rate of approximately 0.38g/sec and an average antiperspirant composition flow rate ofapproximately 0.18 g/sec. Aerosol products comprising the antiperspirantcomposition of Example 3 had an average total mass flow rate ofapproximately 0.36 g/sec and an average antiperspirant composition flowrate of approximately 0.17 g/sec. Aerosol products comprising theantiperspirant composition of comparative Example 4 had an average totalmass flow rate of approximately 0.39 g/sec and an average antiperspirantcomposition flow rate of approximately 0.18 g/sec.

An en vivo study was conducted using aerosol products comprising theantiperspirant compositions of Examples 1, 2 and 3 and a commerciallyavailable aerosol antiperspirant product. The ingredient listing for thecommercially available product was as follows: butane, isobutene,propane, cyclomethicone, aluminum chlorohydrate, parfum, disteardimoniumhectorite, dimethiconol, PVM/MA copolymer, sodium starchoctenylsuccinate, mannitol, alpha-isomethyl ionone, butylphenylmethylpropionyl, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, hexyl cinnamyl,1-limonene and linalool. The commercially available aerosolantiperspirant product had an average propellant concentration ofapproximately 85% and an average reservoir pressure of approximately 410kPA. The commercially available antiperspirant product also had anaverage total mass flow rate of approximately 1.02 g/sec, and an averageantiperspirant composition mass flow rate of approximately 0.20 g/sec.

Forty-eight subjects were enrolled in the study, of which 45 completedthe study. The study lasted 26 days, comprising a 21 day washout periodin which the subjects used no antiperspirant products (deodorantproducts only were applied) followed by a 5 day treatment period withthe aerosol antiperspirant products. The antiperspirant products wereapplied once each morning, for 2 seconds from a 6 inch distance by theclinical site personnel, during the 5 day treatment period. Hot roomevaluations for sweat production were conducted prior to start of the 5day treatment period (baseline) and 12 hours post the 5^(th) day of thetreatment period. The adjusted mean sweat values (mg sweat) at the startof the study (baseline) and twelve hours post treatment day 5 are shownin Table 2 below.

TABLE 2 Mean Sweat Baseline Adjusted Mean at Baseline Sweat Value 12 hrsPost (mg of sweat Treatment Day #5 collected) (mg of sweat collected)Aerosol Products with 595 382 Antiperspirant Composition of Example 1Aerosol Products with 591 362 Antiperspirant Composition of Example 2Aerosol Products with 665 343 Antiperspirant Composition of Example 3Aerosol Products with 676 405 Antiperspirant Composition of ComparativeExample 4 Commercially Available 591 439 Aerosol Product

After five days of treatment, the aerosol antiperspirant productscomprising the antiperspirant compositions of Examples 1, 2 and 3resulted in lower mean sweat values (mg of sweat) twelve hours posttreatment day #5 than both the commercially available antiperspirantproduct and comparative Example 4. A lower mean sweat value means lessperspiration was released from the eccrine glands in the underarm areato the skin surface, and therefore the antiperspirant product had ahigher product efficacy. The results for the aerosol products ofExamples 2 and 3 were statistically significant (with at least a 90%confidence level). The results for the composition of Example 3 areparticularly notable, as this composition had the lowest concentrationof antiperspirant active among Examples 1, 2, and 3 and yet had thelowest mean sweat value post treatment among the tested antiperspirantcompositions. This may be due to the higher dimethicone concentration,which may have increased substantivity of the antiperspirant active onskin compared to the antiperspirant compositions of Examples 1 and 2.The commercially available product, which had the highest propellantconcentration, had the highest mean sweat value post treatment despitehaving the highest antiperspirant mass flow rate among the products.This may be due, at least in part, to the low antiperspirant compositiondeposition efficiency of the commercially available product incombination with a lack of antiperspirant active substantivity resultingfrom the use of a volatile silicone fluid as the liquid carrier. Themean sweat value post treatment for the antiperspirant compositions ofExample 2 were directionally better than the value for the compositionsof Example 3, possibly due to the hydrophilic tapioca material enablingbetter antiperspirant active release compared to the hydrophobicallymodified tapioca material of Example 3. The mean sweat value posttreatment for antiperspirant compositions of comparative Example 4 wasdirectionally worse than the value for the antiperspirant compositionsof Example 2. This may be due to reduced antiperspirant activesubstantivity resulting from use of the volatile silicone fluid incomparative Example 4 compared to use of a non-volatile silicone fluidin the antiperspirant compositions of Example 2.

The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be understood asbeing strictly limited to the exact numerical values recited. Instead,unless otherwise specified, each such dimension is intended to mean boththe recited value and a functionally equivalent range surrounding thatvalue. For example, a dimension disclosed as “40 mm” is intended to mean“about 40 mm.”

Every document cited herein, including any cross referenced or relatedpatent or application, including without limitation U.S. Ser. No.61/701,201 filed Sep. 14, 2012, is hereby incorporated herein byreference in its entirety unless expressly excluded or otherwiselimited. The citation of any document is not an admission that it isprior art with respect to any invention disclosed or claimed herein orthat it alone, or in any combination with any other reference orreferences, teaches, suggests or discloses any such invention. Further,to the extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this documentconflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a documentincorporated by reference, the meaning or definition assigned to thatterm in this document shall govern.

While particular embodiments of the present invention have beenillustrated and described, it would be obvious to those skilled in theart that various other changes and modifications can be made withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is thereforeintended to cover in the appended claims all such changes andmodifications that are within the scope of this invention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An aerosol antiperspirant composition,comprising: a propellant; an antiperspirant composition comprising oneor more liquid materials, wherein the one or more liquid materialscomprise one or more non-volatile silicone fluids having a concentrationfrom 40% to about 70% by weight of the antiperspirant composition;antiperspirant active particulates having a concentration from about 16%to about 32% by weight of the antiperspirant composition; one or morenon-antiperspirant active particulates that are substantially inert,wherein the one or more non-antiperspirant active particulates that aresubstantially inert have a concentration from 10% to 30% by weight ofthe antiperspirant composition; and wherein the antiperspirantcomposition has a total particulate concentration from 30% to about 60%by weight of the antiperspirant composition.
 2. An aerosolantiperspirant composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or moreliquid materials of the antiperspirant composition consist essentiallyof the one or more non-volatile silicone fluids and optionally a liquidfragrance material and optionally a silicone gum.
 3. An aerosolantiperspirant composition according to claim 1, wherein the one or morenon-volatile silicone fluids have a concentration from about 40% to 55%by weight of the antiperspirant composition.
 4. An aerosolantiperspirant composition according to claim 1, wherein the totalparticulate concentration is from 40% to about 50% by weight of theantiperspirant composition.
 5. An aerosol antiperspirant compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein the antiperspirant composition issubstantially or completely free of a silicone gum.
 6. An antiperspirantcomposition according to claim 1, wherein the at least one non-volatilesilicone fluid has a viscosity from about 10 centistokes to about 100centistokes.
 7. An aerosol antiperspirant composition according to claim9, wherein the ratio of total liquid materials to total particulatematerials is from about 0.6 to about 1.4.
 8. An aerosol antiperspirantcomposition according to claim 1, wherein the one or more non-volatilesilicone fluids consists essentially of a polydimethyl siloxane fluidhaving a viscosity of about 50 centistokes.
 9. An aerosol antiperspirantcomposition according to claim 1, herein the ratio of total liquidmaterials to total particulate materials is from about 0.6 to about 1.6.10. An antiperspirant composition according to claim 1, wherein the oneor more liquid materials comprise less than 10% by weight of volatilesilicone fluids.
 11. An antiperspirant composition according to claim 1,wherein the antiperspirant composition is substantially or completelyfree of volatile silicone fluids.
 12. An antiperspirant compositionaccording to claim 1, wherein the antiperspirant composition issubstantially or completely free of volatile silicone fluids.
 13. Anaerosol antiperspirant composition according to claim 1, wherein theparticulates of the antiperspirant active have a concentration less than34% by weight of the antiperspirant composition.
 14. An aerosolantiperspirant composition according to claim 1, further comprising oneor more bulking or suspending materials selected from the groupconsisting of a silica material, a clay material and combinationsthereof.
 15. An aerosol antiperspirant composition according to claim 1,wherein the one or more non-antiperspirant active particulates areselected from the group consisting of particulate fragrance materials,native starches and combinations thereof.
 16. An aerosol antiperspirantcomposition according to claim 1, wherein the antiperspirant compositionhas a viscosity greater than 3,000 centipoises.
 17. An aerosolantiperspirant composition according to claim 1, wherein the propellanthas a concentration from about 40% to 65% by weight of the aerosolantiperspirant composition.
 18. A product, comprising a reservoir, anactuator comprising a discharge orifice, and a valve in fluidcommunication with the discharge orifice and the reservoir, thereservoir storing an aerosol antiperspirant composition according toclaim 19.